Siparia, Trinidad and Tobago
Back in Times

PAYING HOMAGE TO SIPAREE- KAI -MAI on HOLY THURSDAY
- Credit Angelo Bissessarsingh.

Beginning in the 1870s, thousands of pilgrims would flock to the tiny village in the forest to pay homage to the Divine Shepherdess. To the first peoples, the Warao of the Orinoco Delta, she was a mixture of indigenous religion and Catholicism, while to the Catholics, she was a tangible representation of a saintly messenger. To the many Hindus who also added colour to the Siparia Fete, she was Siparee Mai, the Mother of Siparia. Possibly, the small, dark statue, with its wig of real human hair, appealed aesthetically to the Indian indentured labourers who worshipped her in their own way. This was not always welcomed by the parishioners, who attempted to lock out the Hindu element, but were forced into tolerance when the IndoTrinis devotees threatened to burn down the church.

Back in the 1850s, Siparia was a sleepy little village lost in the high woods with a population of a few dozen people of mixed Amerindian and African descent. There were no public buildings since it fell under the administration of the Ward of Oropouche which had its seat at St Mary’s Village, in the County of St Patrick. In a humble tapia church, however, was a little wooden statue placed there, for the purpose of devotion. This statue may have come to the town as early as 1808. By the 1870s, the Feast of La Divina Pastora was already attracting thousands from across the island as a French priest, Father Armand Masse noted in 1875:

“At Siparia there is a virgin of great renown in the whole of Trinidad. She is called La Divina Pastora. When they were obliged to leave Siparia, to save this statue from profanation, the Spaniard hid her in the nearby forest where she was found later. She was taken back to the village and placed in a shrine, and then the church. Like all Spanish Virgins, that of Siparia was dressed in bridal attire. Remarkable graces were obtained by the intercession of Our Lady of Siparia.”

Among the devotees were Warao, people from the Orinoco Delta and hundreds of Indian indentured labourers who identified with the little brown image and called her Siparee-ke-mai. Father Masse recorded the hodgepodge of humanity in his memoir:

“All along the way yesterday, on the eve of the feast, I met pilgrims of all colours going towards the sanctuary. They were counted in thousands…The road is very difficult and extremely uneven. Among the vehicles which try to come to Siparia, several broke down on the road. One cab tumbled into a ditch; many horses took flight and refused to go further. All eventually arrived at Siparia though. Some Waraoons dressed in nothing are at the door of the church. A band of coolies arrives. They sing all night long. At dawn they go to bathe and then come to the chapel. They have brought two cocks which they will offer to the virgin (they call her Siparee maie). To make this offering they go to the foot of the altar with the cock and saying their prayers in a loud voice with arms extended, they go to the back of the church, untie the cock and set it free in the church. The old sacristan captures the cock which the cure will soon eat.”

The road described by Abbe Masse is none other than the Siparia Old Road which wends its way towards Oropouche, through Avocat Village. The presbytery was an elaborate spired wooden edifice which stood opposite the church. It was constructed in 1850, and demolished in the 1960s. In this period, the church itself was nothing more than a simple wooden structure. It is believed that people of East Indian descent began making pilgrimages to Siparia in search of this dark Madonna’s healing power in the late 19th century, soon after their arrival in Trinidad.

There was no grotto for housing the image of the saint, instead a contemporary of Abbe Masse describes the statue as having been placed on a large mound of dirt, and adorned with flowers. There is no river near Siparia, so the pilgrims would have washed in one of the several wells in the area which were opened by Abbe Masse. One at Well Road still exhibits its original paving.

Abbe Masse describes a later episode of the feast as such:

“The road from Oropouche to Siparia was full of coolies. The savannah of the church, the huts, the church, and the village were full. Without precautions being taken they would have set the church on fire with the numerous candles they were lighting. The lamps, though there were huge numbers of them, were not sufficient; the oil spilled all over the floorboards. They were disputing among themselves, jostling to obtain the oil , which was burning in front of the virgin.

“The coolies have a noisy devotion. They pray at the top of their voices but then they are distracted. When they prostrate themselves with their forehead on the floor, it seems sometimes they will split their skulls, so hard do they hit their heads against the planks.”

Holy Thursday is still known by some older people as the “Coolie Fete” .Every year, on Holy Thursday, the image is taken from its shrine in the parish church and exposed to public devotion in the presbytery, after which she is clad in ornate garments and jewelry by specially appointed ladies of the parish , to whom service is a sacred duty.

First Photo : Original Painting by Rudolph BissessarsinghThe old Siparia presbytery which stood for almost a century before it was demolished in the 1960s.
2nd Photo: La Divina Pastora - Patron Saint of Siparia
3rd Photo : Vintage Photo 1950s - Hindu woman with her son taking his first hair cut.

I grew up in Trinidad and Tobago during a time when everyone treated each other like Family. When you always had to speak properly when you were with your parents or adults but could "leh go" with your friends. If someone got you angry, you would tell them "how yuh mudda make yuh" with a variety of cuss words. If your mom found out, she made you wash your mouth with soap. Blue soap, sunlight or carbolic. If you can't take "fatigue", don't start. Everyone had a nickname. The Chinese boy was "chin"; the African boy was "blacks"; the Indian boy was "lal", the fat kid was "fat boy", the skinny boy was "bones". We went outside to play; we got dirty. We used to bathe in the rain, sometimes by the standpipe. I am yet to find anything as satisfying as a cup of creole chocolate or hot porridge on a rainy day. We went to the river or springs on a hot day. Our fast food was corned beef and rice; sometimes, even hot rice and butter. We ate breadfruit, dasheen, yam, eddoes, cassava, boil corn, roast corn. From the bakery we ate belly full, currants roll, coconut drops, milk cake, pan bread, bun, butter bread and hops bread. We loved bread and condensed milk or hot bread and butter; sometimes red butter. We sucked paradise plum, brittle, kazer ball, dinner mint. We ate bene balls, tollum, chataigne, sugar cake, tamarind ball, tamarind stew, red mango, mango chow, plum chow. We got dirty and we didn't eat fast food....we ate cooked food. We got ice cream from the ice cream man or if mum was in a good mood and had the money, we had homemade ice cream on Sunday. The best was when barberdeen was in season. When mum made cake, we licked the bowl clean. Cassava pone or bread pudding was a treat. Redifusion had two channels. To this day I remember "Portia faces life." We listened to auntie Kay on a Sunday. In later years, if you had a tv, you saw auntie Hazel on twelve and under, you watched Mastana Bahar and an Indian movie on a Sunday afternoon and watched Scouting for Talent on Tuesdays. Panorama was time to be quiet. We loved snow cone on a hot day, preferably with guava syrup and condensed milk. We climbed trees, picked mangoes, Chennette, pommerac, plum, pommecythere; whatever was in season. We suck and ate cane with our bare teeth. We played Simon Says, Red Rover, Mother May I, 1,2,3 Red Light, Hide & Seek, Jacks, Marbles, Tag, Hopscotch, Cars, Checkers, cricket, moral, rounders, pan cup, football; we raced against each other in the street and even played jockey in the canal with a piece of stick. A tennis ball and a good piece of wood was enough to start a cricket game, and if somebody window break, game done. The only time we stayed indoors was when we were sick or as a punishment. If you were sick, it was not uncommon to get a "bush bath" with some "buccano leaf" and whatever bush mum thought would make you better. Castor oil or sena pods during vacation was the worse. The boys flew kites that we had made ourselves; sometimes we made a mad bull and hope it wasn't so big that it took you flying. We made zwill with flour and grounded glass; put razor blades in your kite tail and when you battle, who lost, saw their kites "hi-yo". The first one to reach the kite is the new owner. We drove carts we had made from wood with old bearings for wheels. An old bike wheel with the spokes removed was a toy. Who never tried to get "laglee" from the breadfruit tree to try to catch a semp? There was no bottled water, we drank from the pipe. We walked to the corner store and rode our bikes (if we had one) for hours without a cellphone. We weren't AFRAID OF ANYTHING. If someone had a fight, that's what it was...a fist fight. Kids didn't have guns when I grew up. The street lights were your curfew. School was mandatory. Police used to take you to your school when they find you on the road during school hours. We watched our mouths around our elders because we knew if you DISRESPECTED any grown up you were gonna get it with whatever was close and get a second one when your parents found out...!!!

Here is quick abbreviated summary & first impression of the NEW for 2019 Koito bi-LED 2.0. It is a *fan-less* version and ever so slightly more compact. It may be difficult to see in the photos but the 2.0 has a slightly different beam pattern. For the US version they have shifted the peak intensity right over the 75 meter test point (roughly 12-15% more intensity). What does that mean? Well, you will see farther at that angle than the previous version. They really have that peak dialed in right up against the cutoff edge. I’m talking maybe around half a degree under. And while far distance vision has improved, the center vertical test point at 50 meters has gone *down* in intensity. This is a bit of a bummer as I would have liked for Koito to at least mirror the same performance at this test point as the previous version. None the less there is still plenty of intensity at centerline.

Width is still good for this LED projector with no apparent loss on the edges.

The lens appears to have a somewhat odd shape. It is not a perfect semi-sphere. At certain angles when the light hits the lens (to my eyes) the top portion looks as if its indented slightly. It's hard to describe. I don’t believe this be stylistic in nature so I’m assuming it's an optical characteristic. It is also shorter in its peak than the previous version.

High beam shape is nearly the same as previous version while being slightly different. I have not yet measured intensity for the 2.0.

The Nichia LED chip *appears* to be the same on the outside but I believe this to be a more robust version. I say this because after powering the 2.0 for about 10 minutes the heatsink body is very hot to the touch. Enough that you probably won’t be able to hold it in your hands for very long. The 2.0 runs at about 23W while the previous version was about 26W. I have not yet used my thermal imager over the chips but I can’t see that Koito designed the 2.0 to be easily overheated (especially in a controlled environment). So the new chip must be much more tolerant to heat. And this was so that they could do away with the active cooling which more automotive lighting manufacturers are moving away from. Less mechanical parts to fail.

Is the Koito bi-LED 2.0 better than its predecessor? That all depends on your perspective.

More thorough testing to come in the future!

One of us still has our picture taped up on the dash
One of us took that one from Mexico, threw it in the trash
One of us don't even notice when the radio plays that song
One of us breaks down and has to pull over whenever it comes on
Nah there ain't no in between, when it comes to her and me
One of us moved on, one of us got stuck
One of us is drinkin' just for fun, one of us drinkin' to get drunk
One of us sleeps good, and one of us hates to face the night
Just depends if you're talkin' about her world or mine
There's a number on a phone that one of us erased
There's a "late-night can we try again?" call one of us wants to make
'Cause one of us can't even think about bein' in another's arms
And there's a car in the drive that stayed all night, where one of us used to park
One of us moved on, one of us got stuck
One of us is drinkin' just for fun, one of us drinkin' to get drunk
One of us sleeps good, and one of us hates to face the night
Just depends if you're talkin' about her world or mine
For a while we had forever in our hands
That's why one of us can't understand
How one of us moved on, one of us got stuck
One of us is drinkin' just for fun, one of us drinkin' to get drunk
One of us sleeps good, one of us hates to face the night
Just depends if you're talkin' about her world or mine
Yeah that's the difference between her world or mine

Trip Down Memory Lane.
Vintage Postcard of a Woman cutting cane on a Caroni Estate. We salute those women who worked hard toiling in the canefields to ensure a better quality of life for their families.

My body moves
Goes where I will
But though I try my heart stays still
It never moves
Just won't be led

CHRISTIAN DICTATORSIPS AND THEOCRACIES (2)

Will any Catholic or Protestant prelate, priest or clergyman tell us why the Christian emperor, Theodosius the First, should have ordered the destruction of the Serapeum Library of Alexandria, if not to destroy the evidence it contained of the spurious nature of the Christian religion, and it's heathen philosophical origin?

TRINIDAD DICTIONARY FROM A-Z.
Accra, allyuh, aye-yah-yie

bachanal, back back, bachac, bobolee, badjohn, bawling, bazodee, biscuit, bredda, broughtupsy, bullerman, bobolee, break biche

(Body parts) bamsee, cat, totie, tot tots, nani, saltfish, cockstand, balls, prick, pussy

Dat, dingolay, doo doo darling, dotish, dougla, drevait (a wayward person), doubles

Eh-heh, ent, eh

Faddah, fall out, fete, frigging, fed up, fuh real, fresh water yankee

Gyul, geed/gyad (oh geed, oh gyad), giddy, gun talk

Harden, Humbug, hoggish

Icenin (icing on cake), in ting, iron pot

Jab jab, jagabat, jeez an ages, jook, jumbie,

Ketch, klim, kaiso

Lagniappe, leh we go lick dong, licks, largerbless, look nuh, long eye, liming

Muddah cunt, macco, make style, maccocious, mamaguy,
Mo-vay-lang (mauvais Lang - to bad talk),
moco jumbie,

Nah never see come see, nastiness, now fuh now

Obeah, obzokee, oh gosh, Ole talk, own way

Palancing, pallet, parang, patois, pickar, picong, plannasse, punananie, puss

Qualey (dried up), quenk (irritating person)

Ragamuffin, ram - cram, rumfle, rude

Sagaboy/girl, schupid, steuppss, soucouyant, sometimeish, sweet too bad, sweet drink, swell up yuh face ( duh swell up yuh face at me, or else ah go cut your arse)

Tabanca (when yuh girlfriend or boyfriend break up with you and yuh in sorrow), tantie, teef, totie, tot tots, Trini, titty vay, torchlight, throw waist (wine)

Umpteen

Vex, vamoose,

Whappen, whey yuh say, wine/wining, wood (penis), wajang

X me, sex me
(Dah boy X meh last night)

Yampee (cold or mucus in the corner of yuh eye), yuh muddah cunt, yuh making joke man
Yuh father is a glass maker (yuh blocking meh view)

Zug Up (yuh Zug up meh head), zaboca (avocado)

It's with a heavy heart, I have to report the passing of a Cure brother.
Andy Anderson was A true gentleman and a great musician with a wicked sense of humor which he kept until the end, a testament to his beautiful spirit on the last journey. We are blessed to have known him.

— Lol Tolhurst (@LolTolhurst) February 26, 2019

Andy Anderson, the drummer who enjoyed stints with Iggy Pop and the Cure while assisting an array of artists as a session musician, died Tuesday. He was 68.

Just last week, Anderson revealed on Facebook that he had terminal cancer. Despite the diagnosis, he wrote, “[P]lease, no boo hooing here, just be positive, for me it’s just another life Experience and Hurdle, that one has to make yet another Choice in life, be cool, I most definitely am and positive about the situation.”

Founding member of the Cure Lol Tolhurst confirmed the news of Anderson’s death. “Andy Anderson was a true gentleman and a great musician with a wicked sense of humor which he kept until the end, a testament to his beautiful spirit on the last journey. We are blessed to have known him,” Tolhurst tweeted.

Anderson joined the Cure in 1983 after original drummer Laurence “Lol” Tolhurst switched to keys. His first contributions were two cuts off the band’s 1983 singles collection, Japanese Whispers, “Speak My Language” and the “The Love Cats” which became the Cure’s first Top 10 hit in the U.K. Anderson also helped Robert Smith and Tolhurst record their 1984 record The Top, and he appeared on their live album, Concert, as well.

Born in the West Ham neighborhood of London in January 1951, Anderson got his start as a professional musician when he teamed up with members of Hawkwind on their various side projects. He contributed to Nik Turner’s Sphynx’s 1978 album Xitintoday – credited as “Android Anderson” – and also played on Steve Hillage’s three LPs, Green, Live Herald and Open. Anderson did play with Hawkwind on their 1983 tour, but he never recorded with them. Instead, he left the group to join Robert Smith and Siouxsie and the Banshees’ 1983 side project, the Glove, which released their first and only album, Blue Sunshine, in 1983.

After his stint with the Cure, Anderson embarked on a long and successful career as a session musician. Over the course of his career he worked with Iggy Pop, Jeffrey Lee Pierce, the Sex Pistols’ Glen Mattlock, Edwin Collins, Peter Gabriel and Isaac Hayes. More recently, Anderson was working extensively as a solo artist, and though he didn’t release any proper albums, he put out an array of tracks under the moniker AAMuzik.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x83wluZqM2g

Think about it, what is a Messi?
Someone showing us, the Humanity, the right path.
And we are in the 21st century, why woud we expect Messis to just speak to crowds or have super powers ?? We live in a World of companies, it makes sense that a Messi of this current time creates companies to show us the way.

The reason U2 don’t get the respect they deserve these days is because they still exist.
When they’ve gone, there’ll be a documentary or a movie like Bohemian Rhapsody and people will tear up watching it.
They had a grandiosity and power at their peak that few bands ever achieve.
Overshadowed nowadays by a few mediocre albums and the endless potshots from comedians, musicians who’ll never achieve anything and every second idiot on the internet.

you've moved on 

and i'm

i'm stuck in yesterday trying to hang on

SANTA CRUZ HOME OF FIRST TV

Santa Cruz Valley is historically known for its cocoa plantations and production. It is also the home of cricketing superstars Brian Charles Lara and Jeffrey Stollmeyer.

It was home to Jonas Mohammed Bath, Sultan of Yalliallhad, who was partly responsible for the construction of the famed Fort George. But not well known is that Santa Cruz was also the laboratory for a man who would one day invent the television.

John Logie Baird, a Scottish engineer, spent time researching his invention on a cocoa estate in the Santa Cruz Valley, and produced the first-ever television, which earned him the title of 'Father of Television'.

Born in Scotland, Baird was the younger child of Rev John and Jessie Baird. In his early years, he showed signs of ingenuity by setting up a telephone exchange to connect his house to nearby friends.

Baird arrived in Trinidad in 1919 to begin researching the television. He chose the cool valley of Santa Cruz because weather conditions there were helping him to recover from an illness plaguing him for many years.

At Santa Cruz, he worked alone on his secret project.

His neighbours on the estate regarded him as a strange character who was creating ghosts in their quiet neighbourhood. The ghosts they were complaining about were the images transmitted by Baird while working feverishly on the production of television.

When he started his research, no one believed that it was possible to broadcast pictures, but that did not daunt his spirit.

His immediate problem was poverty. He had run out of money to continue his research and was forced to produce jams from fruits available in the valley. Meanwhile, his television project was gaining ground, By the time he was ready to return to England, he had already produced the first television set at Santa Cruz, and was working on colour television.

Baird returned to England in 1920 to continue his experiments. Five years later, he held his first public demonstration of television at Selfridge's, London.

The first public television programme was broadcast by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) in 1936, and by the 1950s televisions were beginning to appear in every home in Britain.

Although the invention had its beginning in Trinidad, it was not until August 24, 1962 that commercial television was broadcast in this country.

The first set of films was shot by Wilfred A Lee and Co, (WALCO) who operated a studio on Park Street, Port of Spain. The films produced by Lee were transmitted to the nation by newly formed Trinidad and Tobago Television Company (TTT).

The films were aired in preparation for this country's Independence scheduled for August 31, 1962. Commercial television, however, did not begin in Trinidad until November when TTT was officially inaugurated.

The majority shareholders of TTT were Redifussion and Scottish Television, Columbia Broadcasting Systems and the Government of Trinidad and Tobago.

Chairman of the company was Sir Patrick Hobson. The station's first manager was Ronald Goodman and Ken Gordon was the company's first programme director.

The big telecast for Independence began at 9 p.m. on August 30, and the programme continued until this country's flag was raised at midnight.

On Independence Day, the proceedings in the Red House were telecast to a crowd of some 1,000 viewers who had assembled at Woodford Square to see the colourful ceremony in which Princess Royal brought greetings from Her Majesty the Queen, while Dr Eric Williams and Opposition Leader Dr Rudranath Capildeo made brief addresses. This scene has been proudly re-broadcast every year, with our undying gratitude to the inventor, John Logie Baird.

-- This article was written by Marlene Davis, and was published in the Trinidad Express on April 29th, 2012.

Did You Know: LOPINOT

Lopinot, the most elevated village in Trinidad (contour-wise) was founded by Charles Josephe Count de Lopinot, who could have been called “a man on the run.”

He had left France some time around 1750 to go to the North American French colony of Arcadie, today the combined Canadian territories of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and Prince Edward Island.

He left Arcadie around 1755 when the British ejected the French from those regions, and like most of the French from Arcadie he went to the other French colony of Louisiana, where he served as an officer of the French army. But Lousiana, like Arcadie, was not to remain a French colony for long, and Count Charles Josephe de Lopinot decided to move again when Louisiana showed signs of going over to the United States.

(This may have been in the 1870s. Louisiana did not actually go over to the United States until 1803, when it was bought by United States authorities. It became part of the Union in 1812).

When Count de Lopinot left Louisiana he went to France’s flourishing sugar colony of Santo Domingo, and there he established a huge sugar plantation and his fortunes soared.

This was several years before the outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789, but the revolution brought all sorts of convulsions and turmoil to Santo Domingo, including chaos and anarchy. For the watchwords of that revolution — Liberty, Brotherhood, and Equality — caused the slaves to unleash relentless fury against the white planters and create a reign of terror. Most of the planters fled, and Count de Lopinot was one of these.

He was concealed in a barrel by one of his slaves and sent as part of a consignment of sugar to Jamaica.

From Jamaica he wrote to the British authorities saying he lost everything fighting alongside the British soldiers and would like some sort of compensation and resettlement. They told him to proceed to their newly conquered island of Trinidad, where the Governor, Thomas Picton, was being instructed to offer help to him.

Count de Lopinot arrived in Trinidad on April 29, 1800. He was accompanied by his wife and two children, and it was reported that he had a hundred slaves. On his arrival he learned that Picton had received no word from the Secretary of State for the Colonies. However, being here already he decided to stay.

Having been previously successful in sugar he bought part of a Tacarigua sugar estate on credit, but things did not go too well and he suffered great losses. However, his long military experience must have come to the knowledge of the authorities for in 1805 new Governor Thomas Hislop appointed him Brigadier General of the Trinidad militia.

He had got no compensation from the British for his “services” in Santo Domingo and so now as Brigadier General he applied again. His perseverance paid off. He was asked to select a parcel of land.

He and his slaves struck out into the forested mountains north of the Arouca savannah where he lived. Following the course of a river that is now known as the Lopinot River, Count de Lopinot and his slaves made steady progress through the woods, pushing more than five miles north until at length they came to an attractive valley with a plain almost completely ringed by mountains.

The air was cool and the valley seemed ideal for an estate. He obtained the grant of this valley, which contained 478 acres, and being totally fed-up with sugar he decided to grow cocoa. He called the estate La Reconnaissance (The Look-out).

The count and his slaves made the valley flourish and in a short time the name of “Lopinot” became of great importance. A great deal of cocoa was exported down the Lopinot River, and from there to Port-of-Spain. Count de Lopinot became active, politically, and in Ralph Woodford’s regime he was brought into the Council of Government.

He remained a member of the Council of Government until his death in 1819. He was buried among the cocoa trees of La Reconnaissance not far from his house.

The village the count left behind was made up of the 100 slaves he brought with him. The cocoa plantations which occupied the valley were mostly gone by the time the 20th Century opened, but Lopinot is still a place of thriving cocoa estates.

More than 200 years have gone by since the “count on the run” came to Trinidad. His life was hectic up to then and he made sure the British compensated him for what he had gone through. And in the end he compensated Trinidad by giving it a beautiful and historic mountain village.

Source: https://www.nalis.gov.tt/…/Towns-an…/Towns-and-Villages-J-R…

Boysie Singh was a notorious Trinidadian killer who was eventually hanged for murder in the mid-1950s.

Born at 17 Louis Street, Woodbrook, on April 5, 1908, he grew up to be a gambler, thief, arsonist, pirate, and mass murderer.

Singh’s father Bhagrang Singh was himself a fugitive from justice, who reportedly fled India to Trinidad.

Singh started doing petty crime, even spending time at Carrera Island Prison in the 1940s.

Following prison, he ran gambling clubs and brothels, moved on to the protections racket, and was known to set fire to cars or buildings when "clients" would not pay up.

Later, he smuggled goods from Cedros to Caracas, then resorted to piracy. From 1947 to 1956, Singh and his henchmen terrorised local fishermen and Venezuelan smugglers. They would kill a crew, steal their goods and engines, and sink the boat.

Singh broadened his criminal reach to include human trafficking, smuggling illegal immigrants some of whom he would rob or kill.

Along the way, it is reported, he murdered hundreds of people. Legend has it that some victims were made to "walk the plank", in the tradition of old-time Caribbean pirates, and plunge to their death at sea.

Twice, Singh was charged by the police. In one case, he got off due to lack of evidence. In the other, he was convicted but won on appeal and was released.

Eventually, Singh's luck ran out when he was convicted for the murder of a dancer. All appeals failed, and he was sentenced to death.

Boysie Singh was hanged at the Royal Gaol in Port-of-Spain on August 20,