Saturday, January 19, 2019
Sunday, January 13, 2019
Ummm, the Earth is 4.6 billion years old, one celled organisms appeared soon after soooo... 😏
13.8 million years is more than life of planet earth? It may be a biblical whim which does not stand any scientific scrutiny ! Earth is nearly 4.5 billion years ! Life on earth is eastimated to be about 500 million years for the fossil record , possibly 4 billion years , just after the planet cooled and formed a crust and started to have some water on microscopuc level which left no fossils !
13.8 million years is more than life of planet earth? It may be a biblical whim which does not stand any scientific scrutiny ! Earth is nearly 4.5 billion years ! Life on earth is eastimated to be about 500 million years for the fossil record , possibly 4 billion years , just after the planet cooled and formed a crust and started to have some water on microscopuc level which left no fossils !
Wednesday, January 09, 2019
Did You Know: History of Tunapuna
Tunapuna, one of the oldest known settlements in inland Trinidad, was settled, or re-settled, shortly after the Cedula of 1783, which brought French planters and their slaves into the region. Although a British survey map made just after the conquest of 1797 fails to show the name Tunapuna, it did exist, and it was the name the Amerindians of the region gave to their little village on the banks of a rivulet running between the St Joseph and Tacarigua rivers.
According to the survey referred to, Tunapuna was in the Spanish Partida or Quarter, of San Jose at that time, 1797, the area was occupied by just 5 settlers – Gaspar, Lynch, Le Gendre, Deep and Creny.
These settlers benefited under the Cedula with grants of land, but who did not benefit were the native peoples themselves, for far from being granted land, they had what was ancestrally theirs, taken away from them. For just a few years before this, they were removed to the newly-established mission of Arima.
The establishment of that mission by Governor Jose Maria Chacon in 1785, led to further contacts with Amerindian settlements in the region, for the royal road that led from Puerto Espana to San Jose was now extended to Arima, following an Amerindian footpath that was passing through Tunapuna.
There was another Amerindian footpath leading from a point in this district called Tunapuna to places in the south where the Spaniards had also established missions. Two of the missions established were the Mission of Savana Grande and the Mission of Siparia. The footpath proved useful to the Spaniards who turned it into a clear-cut track, which was described as a “royal road”.
Tunapuna took on a special importance because of this royal road for now the settlement was a hub both for those going east and for those going south. The five settlers had covered the district with plantations of sugar, cotton, and coffee and all these were noted during the British survey of 1797.
It seems that it was on the grant of Creny that the Tunapuna we know today was formed, for Creny had cut a trace from the royal road to meet the Tunapuna River. Creny called this trace “Tunapuna Road”.
The so-called “Emancipation” of the slaves in 1834 brought this settlement to notice, and most of the people in the area seem to have been drawn from the long established sugar estates which bordered the central village – estates like Santa Rita to the west, Sainte Rose to the north, Streatham Lodge to the south and on the east, El dorado and Orange Grove.
Streatham Lodge was owned by the Paseas, who are now remembered by “Pasea Road”. The celebrated El Dorado Estate was owned by the little known John Parsons, and its even more celebrated neighbor, Orange Valley Estate (later called Orange Grove) was owned by one of the most influential men in Trinidad of that time, William Burnley.
Emancipation, which brought its labour problems, saw many estates change hands, including El Dorado, which was apparently bought out by Burnley at that point. But the tough question of labour worried Burnley too, and in fact, influential as he was, being a big time member of the Council of Government, he played a big part in getting indentured East Indians to come here to work.
When the first batch of these workers arrived here on May 30, 1845, Burnley was at the waterfront with carts and carriages, eager to collect his quota.
The Spanish parida of San Jose having been long abolished, Tunapuna had thereafter been considered in the district of Tacarigua. But it was only in 1849 that it became officially so, when Lord Harris enclosed it in the Ward of Tacarigua.
The failure to pay ward rates under Harris’ Ordinance establishing counties and wards, led to the government selling the land of the defaulters, and the advertised list of defaulters revealed that a great number of ex-slaves had owned land in Tunapuna. This was an unusual feature compared to what had happened in other areas.
The indentured East Indian workers who had began arriving in Trinidad in 1845 certainly revived the estates and by the 1860s the estates around Tunapuna were flourishing. Yet these workers were mainly illiterate, and their children unschooled, and it was this situation here, and to a greater extent, in the Naparimas, that brought the Canadian Missionaries to Trinidad in 1868.
The year 1876 brought prestige and bustling activity to Tunapuna for this was the year that saw its railway trains. The village was still largely on the northern side of the road, and the railway authorities constructed their lines on the southern side of the road, on the Pasea’s Streatham Lodge estate.
The day of the inauguration of the railway, August 31, 1876, was the beginning of a hectic era of development for Tunapuna. Just 25 years earlier, in 1851, it had been a quiet village of a few hundred people, with a single police constable – Constable J.S. Whitley – attached to the ward. Now, five years after the trains it had grown into a busy centre. At this juncture, 1881, Tunapuna had a population of 3,948. There were 471 houses in the district, and among the population could be found 1,648 agricultural workers, and there were 3 policemen, 2 priests and as many as 7 teachers.
Surprisingly, it had got its first school only 2 years before. This school, in 1881, had 126 children on roll, and its schoolmaster, J. Waddell, must have been proud to know that this figure was one of the highest for a village school in those days.
The year 1881 also saw the head Canadian Missionary to Indians, John Morton, move to Tunapuna, making it his northern headquarters, and he straight-away established the Tunapuna Presbyterian School. So Tunapuna now had two schools, Tunapuna Government, and the Presbyterian school.
The area where Morton established his school is marked by Morton Street and interestingly enough, nearby can be found the Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd, built in 1886.
Again not too far from this, on the Eastern Main Road, one would have seen the attractive wooden Catholic church dedicated to St. Charles. This was built in 1890 and in 1891, the Roman Catholic authorities recognized it by creating the Parish of Tunapuna.
But it was in 1898 that could be called the great year for this village – or perhaps one should say, for this town – for in 1898 the government declared Tunapuna a town, by proclamation. It was by then the largest center of population on the strip of road between St Joseph and Arima, and although the proclamation had no municipal significance, that is to say that there was no charter involved, with special rights, Tunapuna was large enough to demand special attention.
It had also become a center for the surrounding areas, and the chief point of service for Tacarigua Ward. For instance, its Warden’s Office was responsible for villages like Maracas, Caura and even Arouca and Tacarigua. Also, its old police station was built in that year, 1898, as was its Cout House, and a new government school. In 1898, too, the authorities constructed the Tunapuna water-works, in order to introduce pipe-borne water into the ward. The district had become so important, in fact, that in 1903 the name “Tumpuna” was officially changed to San Rafael to avoid confusion with the name Tunapuna.
Oddly enough, between 1900 and 1930, Tunapuna remained almost static. This was possibly because of a slump in sugar, and the slow disintegration of its estates. Population figures can easily show this trend. Whereas in 1901 Tunapuna had a population of 5,543, ten years later, this population had increased by just 100, and 20 years after this, in the census year of 1931, the population was 6,386 – overall an increase of less than 1,000 over 30 years.
Tunapuna took a new lease of live in the 1940s with the arrival of the American soldiers in 1941, and in the giddy war-time years that followed, scores of workers set up house in the area to be near to the American airbase at Fort Read, Comuto.
The town itself was always congested with American army vehicles, and it remained so until 1943 when the American soldiers built the Churchill-Roosevelt Highway. By the end of the war, Tunapuna’s population had jumped to 7,328.
The 1950s saw steady decline in agriculture mainly due to the “sweet years” of the American presence. People who earned a great deal of American money for doing things as “driving Poniac” (Pontiac being a make of shovel) could not have been content to go back to the canefields and earn a few dollars a day. As a result of this decline, a great deal changed. Then, too, old estates like Laurel Hill, Santa Rita, and Sainte Rose, all seemed to have disappeared, and even the old Pasea Estate of Streatham Lodge, as well as the celebrated Burnley estate of El Dorado, seemed to remain only cherished names.
The railway, which had spurred on the progress of Tunapuna from the time the trains had appeared in 1976, was shortly to come to a halt. The railway line from Tunapuna to Arima was closed on February 18, 1967, and the section from St. Joseph to Tunapuna was closed on December 7, 1968. The trains had met Tunapuna a village of no more than 2,000 people and had left it with a population of 11,984.
Tunapuna, one of the oldest known settlements in inland Trinidad, was settled, or re-settled, shortly after the Cedula of 1783, which brought French planters and their slaves into the region. Although a British survey map made just after the conquest of 1797 fails to show the name Tunapuna, it did exist, and it was the name the Amerindians of the region gave to their little village on the banks of a rivulet running between the St Joseph and Tacarigua rivers.
According to the survey referred to, Tunapuna was in the Spanish Partida or Quarter, of San Jose at that time, 1797, the area was occupied by just 5 settlers – Gaspar, Lynch, Le Gendre, Deep and Creny.
These settlers benefited under the Cedula with grants of land, but who did not benefit were the native peoples themselves, for far from being granted land, they had what was ancestrally theirs, taken away from them. For just a few years before this, they were removed to the newly-established mission of Arima.
The establishment of that mission by Governor Jose Maria Chacon in 1785, led to further contacts with Amerindian settlements in the region, for the royal road that led from Puerto Espana to San Jose was now extended to Arima, following an Amerindian footpath that was passing through Tunapuna.
There was another Amerindian footpath leading from a point in this district called Tunapuna to places in the south where the Spaniards had also established missions. Two of the missions established were the Mission of Savana Grande and the Mission of Siparia. The footpath proved useful to the Spaniards who turned it into a clear-cut track, which was described as a “royal road”.
Tunapuna took on a special importance because of this royal road for now the settlement was a hub both for those going east and for those going south. The five settlers had covered the district with plantations of sugar, cotton, and coffee and all these were noted during the British survey of 1797.
It seems that it was on the grant of Creny that the Tunapuna we know today was formed, for Creny had cut a trace from the royal road to meet the Tunapuna River. Creny called this trace “Tunapuna Road”.
The so-called “Emancipation” of the slaves in 1834 brought this settlement to notice, and most of the people in the area seem to have been drawn from the long established sugar estates which bordered the central village – estates like Santa Rita to the west, Sainte Rose to the north, Streatham Lodge to the south and on the east, El dorado and Orange Grove.
Streatham Lodge was owned by the Paseas, who are now remembered by “Pasea Road”. The celebrated El Dorado Estate was owned by the little known John Parsons, and its even more celebrated neighbor, Orange Valley Estate (later called Orange Grove) was owned by one of the most influential men in Trinidad of that time, William Burnley.
Emancipation, which brought its labour problems, saw many estates change hands, including El Dorado, which was apparently bought out by Burnley at that point. But the tough question of labour worried Burnley too, and in fact, influential as he was, being a big time member of the Council of Government, he played a big part in getting indentured East Indians to come here to work.
When the first batch of these workers arrived here on May 30, 1845, Burnley was at the waterfront with carts and carriages, eager to collect his quota.
The Spanish parida of San Jose having been long abolished, Tunapuna had thereafter been considered in the district of Tacarigua. But it was only in 1849 that it became officially so, when Lord Harris enclosed it in the Ward of Tacarigua.
The failure to pay ward rates under Harris’ Ordinance establishing counties and wards, led to the government selling the land of the defaulters, and the advertised list of defaulters revealed that a great number of ex-slaves had owned land in Tunapuna. This was an unusual feature compared to what had happened in other areas.
The indentured East Indian workers who had began arriving in Trinidad in 1845 certainly revived the estates and by the 1860s the estates around Tunapuna were flourishing. Yet these workers were mainly illiterate, and their children unschooled, and it was this situation here, and to a greater extent, in the Naparimas, that brought the Canadian Missionaries to Trinidad in 1868.
The year 1876 brought prestige and bustling activity to Tunapuna for this was the year that saw its railway trains. The village was still largely on the northern side of the road, and the railway authorities constructed their lines on the southern side of the road, on the Pasea’s Streatham Lodge estate.
The day of the inauguration of the railway, August 31, 1876, was the beginning of a hectic era of development for Tunapuna. Just 25 years earlier, in 1851, it had been a quiet village of a few hundred people, with a single police constable – Constable J.S. Whitley – attached to the ward. Now, five years after the trains it had grown into a busy centre. At this juncture, 1881, Tunapuna had a population of 3,948. There were 471 houses in the district, and among the population could be found 1,648 agricultural workers, and there were 3 policemen, 2 priests and as many as 7 teachers.
Surprisingly, it had got its first school only 2 years before. This school, in 1881, had 126 children on roll, and its schoolmaster, J. Waddell, must have been proud to know that this figure was one of the highest for a village school in those days.
The year 1881 also saw the head Canadian Missionary to Indians, John Morton, move to Tunapuna, making it his northern headquarters, and he straight-away established the Tunapuna Presbyterian School. So Tunapuna now had two schools, Tunapuna Government, and the Presbyterian school.
The area where Morton established his school is marked by Morton Street and interestingly enough, nearby can be found the Anglican Church of the Good Shepherd, built in 1886.
Again not too far from this, on the Eastern Main Road, one would have seen the attractive wooden Catholic church dedicated to St. Charles. This was built in 1890 and in 1891, the Roman Catholic authorities recognized it by creating the Parish of Tunapuna.
But it was in 1898 that could be called the great year for this village – or perhaps one should say, for this town – for in 1898 the government declared Tunapuna a town, by proclamation. It was by then the largest center of population on the strip of road between St Joseph and Arima, and although the proclamation had no municipal significance, that is to say that there was no charter involved, with special rights, Tunapuna was large enough to demand special attention.
It had also become a center for the surrounding areas, and the chief point of service for Tacarigua Ward. For instance, its Warden’s Office was responsible for villages like Maracas, Caura and even Arouca and Tacarigua. Also, its old police station was built in that year, 1898, as was its Cout House, and a new government school. In 1898, too, the authorities constructed the Tunapuna water-works, in order to introduce pipe-borne water into the ward. The district had become so important, in fact, that in 1903 the name “Tumpuna” was officially changed to San Rafael to avoid confusion with the name Tunapuna.
Oddly enough, between 1900 and 1930, Tunapuna remained almost static. This was possibly because of a slump in sugar, and the slow disintegration of its estates. Population figures can easily show this trend. Whereas in 1901 Tunapuna had a population of 5,543, ten years later, this population had increased by just 100, and 20 years after this, in the census year of 1931, the population was 6,386 – overall an increase of less than 1,000 over 30 years.
Tunapuna took a new lease of live in the 1940s with the arrival of the American soldiers in 1941, and in the giddy war-time years that followed, scores of workers set up house in the area to be near to the American airbase at Fort Read, Comuto.
The town itself was always congested with American army vehicles, and it remained so until 1943 when the American soldiers built the Churchill-Roosevelt Highway. By the end of the war, Tunapuna’s population had jumped to 7,328.
The 1950s saw steady decline in agriculture mainly due to the “sweet years” of the American presence. People who earned a great deal of American money for doing things as “driving Poniac” (Pontiac being a make of shovel) could not have been content to go back to the canefields and earn a few dollars a day. As a result of this decline, a great deal changed. Then, too, old estates like Laurel Hill, Santa Rita, and Sainte Rose, all seemed to have disappeared, and even the old Pasea Estate of Streatham Lodge, as well as the celebrated Burnley estate of El Dorado, seemed to remain only cherished names.
The railway, which had spurred on the progress of Tunapuna from the time the trains had appeared in 1976, was shortly to come to a halt. The railway line from Tunapuna to Arima was closed on February 18, 1967, and the section from St. Joseph to Tunapuna was closed on December 7, 1968. The trains had met Tunapuna a village of no more than 2,000 people and had left it with a population of 11,984.
PISCES - THE SEX ADDICT(2/19-3/20) EXTREMELY adorable. Intelligent. Loves to joke. Very Good sense of humor Energetic. Predict future. BEST kisser. Always get what they want. Very Attractive Easy going. RARE Find. GOOD when found. Loves being in long relationship Talkative. Romantic. Caring. NOT one to give up
GEMINI- CRAVES A LOT OF SEX (5/21-6/20) Outgoing. Lovable. Extremely energetic. Spontaneous. Not one to mess with. Funny. Excellent kisser. EXTREMELY adorable. Good personalities. Loves relationships.Addictive. Loud. 16 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
TAURUS- THE ONE U CAN’T TOUCH & SEX ADDICT (4/20-5/20) Coldest motha fucka on earth. Outgoing, Loveable, the best in bed, strong, artistic, caring person, The MOST Irresistible of all, popular, Unpredictable, STUBBORNN, 16 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
ARIES - THE PLAYER (3/21-4/19) Nice. Love is one of a kind. Great listeners ... Lover not a fighter, but will still knock you out. Always happy. Loud. Talkative. Outgoing. VERY FORGIVING. Loves to make out. Has a beautiful smile. Generous. Strong. THE MOST IRRESISTIBLE. 9 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
AQUARIUS - THE BAD BITCH (1/20-2/18) Very high appeal. Love is one of a kind. Very romantic. Very caring person ! Entirely creative. Extremely random and proud of it. Freak. Spontaneous. Great at telling Stories. Not a Fighter, But will Knock your lights out if it comes down to it. Someone you should hold on to. 12 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
CANCER - HARD LOVER (6/22-7/22) Trustworthy. Attractive. Great kisser. One of a kind. Loves being In long-term relationships. Extremely energetic. Unpredictable. Will exceed your expectations. Normally not a Fighter, but will if neccessary. Someone loves them right now. 2 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
LEO - THE SEX MANIAC (7/23-8/22) Very talkative, outgoing and popular. Nice to everyone they meet. Wild and ravenous in the bed and everywhere else. Beautiful smile and personality. Strong intuition. Their Love is one of a kind. Silly, Fun and SEXY. Have own unique appeal. Irresistible lover. Most caring person you’ll ever meet! However not the kind of person you wanna mess with...they will kick your ass... u might end up crying... 10 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
VIRGO - THE BEST SEXUAL PARTNER (8/23-9/22) Love to bust. Nice. Sassy. Intelligent. EXTREMELY SEXY. Predict future. Loves being in long relationships. Has lots of friends. Great talker. Always gets what he or she wants. Also not a fighter, but if they have to, they will also knock the lights out of you if it comes down to it.Cool. Loves to own Geminis’ in sports. Extremely fun. Loves to joke. Smart. 24 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
LIBRA - THE PIMP (9/23-10/22) Caring and kind. Smart. Center of attention. High appeal. Has the last word. Good to find, hard to keep. Fun to be around. Extremely weird but in a good way. Good Sense of Humor. Thoughtful. Always gets what he or she wants. Loves to joke. Very popular. Silly, fun and sweet. 5 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
SCORPIO - THE VIRGIN (10/23-11/21) Loves being in long relationships. Likes to give a good fight for what they want. Extremely outgoing. Loves to help people in times of need. Best kisser. Good personality. Stubborn. A caring person. ONE OF A KIND.Gorgeous Smile.Not one to mess with. The best sexual partners in the zodiac. Are the most attractive people on earth! 15 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
SAGITTARIUS - THE ONE (11/22-12/21) Spontaneous. High appeal. Rare to find. Great when found. Loves being in long relationships. So much love to give. Not one to mess with. Very pretty. Very romantic. Nice to everyone they meet. Their Love is one of a kind. Silly, fun and sweet. Have own unique appeal. Most caring person you will ever meet! Amazing in the you know where..!!! Not the kind of person you wanna mess with- you might end up crying! Caring and kind. Smart. Center of attention. High appeal. Has the last word. Good to find, hard to keep. Fun to be around. Extremely weird but in a good way. Good Sense of Humor. Thoughtful. Always gets what he or she wants. Loves to joke. Very popular. Silly, fun and sweet. 5 years of bad luck if you do not repost
CAPRICORN - THE SEXY ONE (12/22-1/19) Dominant in relationships. Someone loves them right now. Always Wants the last word. Caring. Smart. Sweet. Loud. Loyal. Beautiful. Goofy. Easy to talk to. Everything you ever wanted. Easy to please.Loves to smile.Beautiful laugh.Patient.Cautious.Bit of naughty.The one and only. 7 Years of bad luck if you do not repost
GEMINI- CRAVES A LOT OF SEX (5/21-6/20) Outgoing. Lovable. Extremely energetic. Spontaneous. Not one to mess with. Funny. Excellent kisser. EXTREMELY adorable. Good personalities. Loves relationships.Addictive. Loud. 16 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
TAURUS- THE ONE U CAN’T TOUCH & SEX ADDICT (4/20-5/20) Coldest motha fucka on earth. Outgoing, Loveable, the best in bed, strong, artistic, caring person, The MOST Irresistible of all, popular, Unpredictable, STUBBORNN, 16 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
ARIES - THE PLAYER (3/21-4/19) Nice. Love is one of a kind. Great listeners ... Lover not a fighter, but will still knock you out. Always happy. Loud. Talkative. Outgoing. VERY FORGIVING. Loves to make out. Has a beautiful smile. Generous. Strong. THE MOST IRRESISTIBLE. 9 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
AQUARIUS - THE BAD BITCH (1/20-2/18) Very high appeal. Love is one of a kind. Very romantic. Very caring person ! Entirely creative. Extremely random and proud of it. Freak. Spontaneous. Great at telling Stories. Not a Fighter, But will Knock your lights out if it comes down to it. Someone you should hold on to. 12 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
CANCER - HARD LOVER (6/22-7/22) Trustworthy. Attractive. Great kisser. One of a kind. Loves being In long-term relationships. Extremely energetic. Unpredictable. Will exceed your expectations. Normally not a Fighter, but will if neccessary. Someone loves them right now. 2 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
LEO - THE SEX MANIAC (7/23-8/22) Very talkative, outgoing and popular. Nice to everyone they meet. Wild and ravenous in the bed and everywhere else. Beautiful smile and personality. Strong intuition. Their Love is one of a kind. Silly, Fun and SEXY. Have own unique appeal. Irresistible lover. Most caring person you’ll ever meet! However not the kind of person you wanna mess with...they will kick your ass... u might end up crying... 10 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
VIRGO - THE BEST SEXUAL PARTNER (8/23-9/22) Love to bust. Nice. Sassy. Intelligent. EXTREMELY SEXY. Predict future. Loves being in long relationships. Has lots of friends. Great talker. Always gets what he or she wants. Also not a fighter, but if they have to, they will also knock the lights out of you if it comes down to it.Cool. Loves to own Geminis’ in sports. Extremely fun. Loves to joke. Smart. 24 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
LIBRA - THE PIMP (9/23-10/22) Caring and kind. Smart. Center of attention. High appeal. Has the last word. Good to find, hard to keep. Fun to be around. Extremely weird but in a good way. Good Sense of Humor. Thoughtful. Always gets what he or she wants. Loves to joke. Very popular. Silly, fun and sweet. 5 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
SCORPIO - THE VIRGIN (10/23-11/21) Loves being in long relationships. Likes to give a good fight for what they want. Extremely outgoing. Loves to help people in times of need. Best kisser. Good personality. Stubborn. A caring person. ONE OF A KIND.Gorgeous Smile.Not one to mess with. The best sexual partners in the zodiac. Are the most attractive people on earth! 15 years of bad luck if you do not repost.
SAGITTARIUS - THE ONE (11/22-12/21) Spontaneous. High appeal. Rare to find. Great when found. Loves being in long relationships. So much love to give. Not one to mess with. Very pretty. Very romantic. Nice to everyone they meet. Their Love is one of a kind. Silly, fun and sweet. Have own unique appeal. Most caring person you will ever meet! Amazing in the you know where..!!! Not the kind of person you wanna mess with- you might end up crying! Caring and kind. Smart. Center of attention. High appeal. Has the last word. Good to find, hard to keep. Fun to be around. Extremely weird but in a good way. Good Sense of Humor. Thoughtful. Always gets what he or she wants. Loves to joke. Very popular. Silly, fun and sweet. 5 years of bad luck if you do not repost
CAPRICORN - THE SEXY ONE (12/22-1/19) Dominant in relationships. Someone loves them right now. Always Wants the last word. Caring. Smart. Sweet. Loud. Loyal. Beautiful. Goofy. Easy to talk to. Everything you ever wanted. Easy to please.Loves to smile.Beautiful laugh.Patient.Cautious.Bit of naughty.The one and only. 7 Years of bad luck if you do not repost
"If religion were true, its followers would not try to bludgeon their young into an artificial conformity; but would merely insist on their unbending quest for truth, irrespective of artificial backgrounds or practical consequences. With such an honest and inflexible openness to evidence, they could not fail to receive any real truth which might be manifesting itself around them. The fact that religionists do not follow this honourable course, but cheat at their game by invoking juvenile quasi-hypnosis, is enough to destroy their pretensions in my eyes even if their absurdity were not manifest in every other direction."
Wednesday, January 02, 2019
We are not happy being ruled by criminals and having to work multiple jobs just to survive.
They know we will except it.
So they use the control of the media to sit black against white, we went against men, yoga gets old, muslim against Christian.
They convinced us we are the problem so we will fight and destroy ourselves.
They know we will except it.
So they use the control of the media to sit black against white, we went against men, yoga gets old, muslim against Christian.
They convinced us we are the problem so we will fight and destroy ourselves.
Thursday, December 27, 2018
“Do not let your fire go out, spark by irreplaceable spark in the hopeless swamps of the not-quite, the not-yet, and the not-at-all. Do not let the hero in your soul perish in lonely frustration for the life you deserved and have never been able to reach. The world you desire can be won. It exists.. it is real.. it is possible.. it's yours.”
Saturday, December 08, 2018
"So you think that money is the root of all evil?" said Francisco d'Anconia. "Have you
ever asked what is the root of money? Money is a tool of exchange, which can't exist
unless there are goods produced and men able to produce them. Money is the material
shape of the principle that men who wish to deal with one another must deal by trade and
give value for value. Money is not the tool of the moochers, who claim your product by
tears, or of the looters, who take it from you by force. Money is made possible only by
the men who produce. Is this what you consider evil?
"When you accept money in payment for your effort, you do so only on the conviction
that you will exchange it for the product of the effort of others. It is not the moochers or
the looters who give value to money. Not an ocean of tears not all the guns in the world
can transform those pieces of paper in your wallet into the bread you will need to survive
tomorrow. Those pieces of paper, which should have been gold, are a token of honor--
your claim upon the energy of the men who produce. Your wallet is your statement of
hope that somewhere in the world around you there are men who will not default on that
moral principle which is the root of money, Is this what you consider evil?
"Have you ever looked for the root of production? Take a look at an electric generator
and dare tell yourself that it was created by the muscular effort of unthinking brutes. Try
to grow a seed of wheat without the knowledge left to you by men who had to discover it
for the first time. Try to obtain your food by means of nothing but physical motions--and
you'll learn that man's mind is the root of all the goods produced and of all the wealth that
has ever existed on earth.
"But you say that money is made by the strong at the expense of the weak? What strength
do you mean? It is not the strength of guns or muscles. Wealth is the product of man's
capacity to think. Then is money made by the man who invents a motor at the expense of
those who did not invent it? Is money made by the intelligent at the expense of the fools?
By the able at the expense of the incompetent? By the ambitious at the expense of the
lazy? Money is made--before it can be looted or mooched--made by the effort of every
honest man, each to the extent of his ability. An honest man is one who knows that he
can't consume more than he has produced.'
"To trade by means of money is the code of the men of good will. Money rests on the
axiom that every man is the owner of his mind and his effort. Money allows no power to
prescribe the value of your effort except the voluntary choice of the man who is willing to
trade you his effort in return. Money permits you to obtain for your goods and your labor
that which they are worth to the men who buy them, but no more. Money permits no
deals except those to mutual benefit by the unforced judgment of the traders. Money
demands of you the recognition that men must work for their own benefit, not for their
own injury, for their gain, not their loss--the recognition that they are not beasts of
burden, born to carry the weight of your misery--that you must offer them values, not
wounds--that the common bond among men is not the exchange of suffering, but the
exchange of goods. Money demands that you sell, not your weakness to men's stupidity,
but your talent to their reason; it demands that you buy, not the shoddiest they offer, but
the best that your money can find. And when men live by trade--with reason, not force, as
their final arbiter--it is the best product that wins, the best performance, the man of best
judgment and highest ability--and the degree of a man's productiveness is the degree of
his reward. This is the code of existence whose tool and symbol is money. Is this what
you consider evil?
"But money is only a tool. It will take you wherever you wish, but it will not replace you
as the driver. It will give you the means for the satisfaction of your desires, but it will not
provide you with desires. Money is the scourge of the men who attempt to reverse the
law of causality--the men who seek to replace the mind by seizing the products of the
mind.
"Money will not purchase happiness for the man who has no concept of what he wants:
money will not give him a code of values, if he's evaded the knowledge of what to value,
and it will not provide him with a purpose, if he's evaded the choice of what to seek.
Money will not buy intelligence for the fool, or admiration for the coward, or respect for
the incompetent. The man who attempts to purchase the brains of his superiors to serve
him, with his money replacing his judgment, ends up by becoming the victim of his
inferiors. The men of intelligence desert him, but the cheats and the frauds come flocking
to him, drawn by a law which he has not discovered: that no man may be smaller than his
money. Is this the reason why you call it evil?
"Only the man who does not need it, is fit to inherit wealth--the man who would make his
own fortune no matter where he started. If an heir is equal to his money, it serves him; if
not, it destroys him. But you look on and you cry that money corrupted him. Did it? Or
did he corrupt his money? Do not envy a worthless heir; his wealth is not yours and you
would have done no better with it. Do not think that it should have been distributed
among you; loading the world with fifty parasites instead of one, would not bring back
the dead virtue which was the fortune. Money is a living power that dies without its root.
Money will not serve the mind that cannot match it. Is this the reason why you call it
evil?
"Money is your means of survival. The verdict you pronounce upon the source of your
livelihood is the verdict you pronounce upon your life. If the source is corrupt, you have
damned your own existence. Did you get your money by fraud? By pandering to men's
vices or men's stupidity? By catering to fools, in the hope of getting more than your
ability deserves? By lowering your standards? By doing work you despise for purchasers
you scorn? If so, then your money will not give you a moment's or a penny's worth of
joy. Then all the things you buy will become, not a tribute to you, but a reproach; not an
achievement, but a reminder of shame. Then you'll scream that money is evil. Evil,
because it would not pinch-hit for your self-respect? Evil, because it would not let you
enjoy your depravity? Is this the root of your hatred of money?
"Money will always remain an effect and refuse to replace you as the cause. Money is the
product of virtue, but it will not give you virtue and it will not redeem your vices. Money
will not give you the unearned, neither in matter nor in spirit. Is this the root of your
hatred of money?
"Or did you say it's the love of money that's the root of all evil? To love a thing is to
know and love its nature. To love money is to know and love the fact that money is the
creation of the best power within you, and your passkey to trade your effort for the effort
of the best among men. It's the person who would sell his soul for a nickel, who is loudest
in proclaiming his hatred of money--and he has good reason to hate it. The lovers of
money are willing to work for it. They know they are able to deserve it.
"Let me give you a tip on a clue to men's characters: the man who damns money has
obtained it dishonorably; the man who respects it has earned it.
"Run for your life from any man who tells you that money is evil. That sentence is the
leper's bell of an approaching looter. So long as men live together on earth and need
means to deal with one another--their only substitute, if they abandon money, is the
muzzle of a gun.
ever asked what is the root of money? Money is a tool of exchange, which can't exist
unless there are goods produced and men able to produce them. Money is the material
shape of the principle that men who wish to deal with one another must deal by trade and
give value for value. Money is not the tool of the moochers, who claim your product by
tears, or of the looters, who take it from you by force. Money is made possible only by
the men who produce. Is this what you consider evil?
"When you accept money in payment for your effort, you do so only on the conviction
that you will exchange it for the product of the effort of others. It is not the moochers or
the looters who give value to money. Not an ocean of tears not all the guns in the world
can transform those pieces of paper in your wallet into the bread you will need to survive
tomorrow. Those pieces of paper, which should have been gold, are a token of honor--
your claim upon the energy of the men who produce. Your wallet is your statement of
hope that somewhere in the world around you there are men who will not default on that
moral principle which is the root of money, Is this what you consider evil?
"Have you ever looked for the root of production? Take a look at an electric generator
and dare tell yourself that it was created by the muscular effort of unthinking brutes. Try
to grow a seed of wheat without the knowledge left to you by men who had to discover it
for the first time. Try to obtain your food by means of nothing but physical motions--and
you'll learn that man's mind is the root of all the goods produced and of all the wealth that
has ever existed on earth.
"But you say that money is made by the strong at the expense of the weak? What strength
do you mean? It is not the strength of guns or muscles. Wealth is the product of man's
capacity to think. Then is money made by the man who invents a motor at the expense of
those who did not invent it? Is money made by the intelligent at the expense of the fools?
By the able at the expense of the incompetent? By the ambitious at the expense of the
lazy? Money is made--before it can be looted or mooched--made by the effort of every
honest man, each to the extent of his ability. An honest man is one who knows that he
can't consume more than he has produced.'
"To trade by means of money is the code of the men of good will. Money rests on the
axiom that every man is the owner of his mind and his effort. Money allows no power to
prescribe the value of your effort except the voluntary choice of the man who is willing to
trade you his effort in return. Money permits you to obtain for your goods and your labor
that which they are worth to the men who buy them, but no more. Money permits no
deals except those to mutual benefit by the unforced judgment of the traders. Money
demands of you the recognition that men must work for their own benefit, not for their
own injury, for their gain, not their loss--the recognition that they are not beasts of
burden, born to carry the weight of your misery--that you must offer them values, not
wounds--that the common bond among men is not the exchange of suffering, but the
exchange of goods. Money demands that you sell, not your weakness to men's stupidity,
but your talent to their reason; it demands that you buy, not the shoddiest they offer, but
the best that your money can find. And when men live by trade--with reason, not force, as
their final arbiter--it is the best product that wins, the best performance, the man of best
judgment and highest ability--and the degree of a man's productiveness is the degree of
his reward. This is the code of existence whose tool and symbol is money. Is this what
you consider evil?
"But money is only a tool. It will take you wherever you wish, but it will not replace you
as the driver. It will give you the means for the satisfaction of your desires, but it will not
provide you with desires. Money is the scourge of the men who attempt to reverse the
law of causality--the men who seek to replace the mind by seizing the products of the
mind.
"Money will not purchase happiness for the man who has no concept of what he wants:
money will not give him a code of values, if he's evaded the knowledge of what to value,
and it will not provide him with a purpose, if he's evaded the choice of what to seek.
Money will not buy intelligence for the fool, or admiration for the coward, or respect for
the incompetent. The man who attempts to purchase the brains of his superiors to serve
him, with his money replacing his judgment, ends up by becoming the victim of his
inferiors. The men of intelligence desert him, but the cheats and the frauds come flocking
to him, drawn by a law which he has not discovered: that no man may be smaller than his
money. Is this the reason why you call it evil?
"Only the man who does not need it, is fit to inherit wealth--the man who would make his
own fortune no matter where he started. If an heir is equal to his money, it serves him; if
not, it destroys him. But you look on and you cry that money corrupted him. Did it? Or
did he corrupt his money? Do not envy a worthless heir; his wealth is not yours and you
would have done no better with it. Do not think that it should have been distributed
among you; loading the world with fifty parasites instead of one, would not bring back
the dead virtue which was the fortune. Money is a living power that dies without its root.
Money will not serve the mind that cannot match it. Is this the reason why you call it
evil?
"Money is your means of survival. The verdict you pronounce upon the source of your
livelihood is the verdict you pronounce upon your life. If the source is corrupt, you have
damned your own existence. Did you get your money by fraud? By pandering to men's
vices or men's stupidity? By catering to fools, in the hope of getting more than your
ability deserves? By lowering your standards? By doing work you despise for purchasers
you scorn? If so, then your money will not give you a moment's or a penny's worth of
joy. Then all the things you buy will become, not a tribute to you, but a reproach; not an
achievement, but a reminder of shame. Then you'll scream that money is evil. Evil,
because it would not pinch-hit for your self-respect? Evil, because it would not let you
enjoy your depravity? Is this the root of your hatred of money?
"Money will always remain an effect and refuse to replace you as the cause. Money is the
product of virtue, but it will not give you virtue and it will not redeem your vices. Money
will not give you the unearned, neither in matter nor in spirit. Is this the root of your
hatred of money?
"Or did you say it's the love of money that's the root of all evil? To love a thing is to
know and love its nature. To love money is to know and love the fact that money is the
creation of the best power within you, and your passkey to trade your effort for the effort
of the best among men. It's the person who would sell his soul for a nickel, who is loudest
in proclaiming his hatred of money--and he has good reason to hate it. The lovers of
money are willing to work for it. They know they are able to deserve it.
"Let me give you a tip on a clue to men's characters: the man who damns money has
obtained it dishonorably; the man who respects it has earned it.
"Run for your life from any man who tells you that money is evil. That sentence is the
leper's bell of an approaching looter. So long as men live together on earth and need
means to deal with one another--their only substitute, if they abandon money, is the
muzzle of a gun.
"But money demands of you the highest virtues, if you wish to make it or to keep it. Men
who have no courage, pride or self-esteem, men who have no moral sense of their right to
their money and are not willing to defend it as they defend their life, men who apologize
for being rich--will not remain rich for long. They are the natural bait for the swarms of
looters that stay under rocks for centuries, but come crawling out at the first smell of a
man who begs to be forgiven for the guilt of owning wealth. They will hasten to relieve
him of the guilt--and of his life, as he deserves.
"Then you will see the rise of the men of the double standard--the men who live by force,
yet count on those who live by trade to create the value of their looted money--the men
who are the hitchhikers of virtue. In a moral society, these are the criminals, and the
statutes are written to protect you against them. But when a society establishes criminalsby-right
and looters-by-law--men who use force to seize the wealth of disarmed victims--
then money becomes its creators' avenger. Such looters believe it safe to rob defenseless
men, once they've passed a law to disarm them. But their loot becomes the magnet for
other looters, who get it from them as they got it. Then the race goes, not to the ablest at
production, but to those most ruthless at brutality. When force is the standard, the
murderer wins over the pickpocket. And then that society vanishes, in a spread of ruins
and slaughter.
"Do you wish to know whether that day is coming? Watch money. Money is the
barometer of a society's virtue. When you see that trading is done, not by consent, but by
compulsion--when you see that in order to produce, you need to obtain permission from
men who produce nothing--when you see that money is flowing to those who deal, not in
goods, but in favors--when you see that men get richer by graft and by pull than by work,
and your laws don't protect you against them, but protect them against you--when you see
corruption being rewarded and honesty becoming a self-sacrifice--you may know that
your society is doomed. Money is so noble a medium that is does not compete with guns
and it does not make terms with brutality. It will not permit a country to survive as halfproperty,
half-loot.
"Whenever destroyers appear among men, they start by destroying money, for money is
men's protection and the base of a moral existence. Destroyers seize gold and leave to its
owners a counterfeit pile of paper. This kills all objective standards and delivers men into
the arbitrary power of an arbitrary setter of values. Gold was an objective value, an
equivalent of wealth produced. Paper is a mortgage on wealth that does not exist, backed
by a gun aimed at those who are expected to produce it. Paper is a check drawn by legal
looters upon an account which is not theirs: upon the virtue of the victims. Watch for the
day when it bounces, marked, 'Account overdrawn.'
"When you have made evil the means of survival, do not expect men to remain good. Do
not expect them to stay moral and lose their lives for the purpose of becoming the fodder
of the immoral. Do not expect them to produce, when production is punished and looting
rewarded. Do not ask, 'Who is destroying the world? You are.
"You stand in the midst of the greatest achievements of the greatest productive
civilization and you wonder why it's crumbling around you, while you're damning its lifeblood--money.
You look upon money as the savages did before you, and you wonder
why the jungle is creeping back to the edge of your cities. Throughout men's history,
money was always seized by looters of one brand or another, whose names changed, but
whose method remained the same: to seize wealth by force and to keep the producers
bound, demeaned, defamed, deprived of honor. That phrase about the evil of money,
which you mouth with such righteous recklessness, comes from a time when wealth was
produced by the labor of slaves--slaves who repeated the motions once discovered by
somebody's mind and left unimproved for centuries. So long as production was ruled by
force, and wealth was obtained by conquest, there was little to conquer, Yet through all
the centuries of stagnation and starvation, men exalted the looters, as aristocrats of the
sword, as aristocrats of birth, as aristocrats of the bureau, and despised the producers, as
slaves, as traders, as shopkeepers--as industrialists.
"To the glory of mankind, there was, for the first and only time in history, a country of
money--and I have no higher, more reverent tribute to pay to America, for this means: a
country of reason, justice, freedom, production, achievement. For the first time, man's
mind and money were set free, and there were no fortunes-by-conquest, but only
fortunes-by-work, and instead of swordsmen and slaves, there appeared the real maker of
wealth, the greatest worker, the highest type of human being--the self-made man--the
American industrialist.
"If you ask me to name the proudest distinction of Americans, I would choose--because it
contains all the others--the fact that they were the people who created the phrase 'to make
money.' No other language or nation had ever used these words before; men had always
thought of wealth as a static quantity--to be seized, begged, inherited, shared, looted or
obtained as a favor. Americans were the first to understand that wealth has to be created.
The words 'to make money' hold the essence of human morality.
"Yet these were the words for which Americans were denounced by the rotted cultures of
the looters' continents. Now the looters' credo has brought you to regard your proudest
achievements as a hallmark of shame, your prosperity as guilt, your greatest men, the
industrialists, as blackguards, and your magnificent factories as the product and property
of muscular labor, the labor of whip-driven slaves, like the pyramids of Egypt. The rotter
who simpers that he sees no difference between the power of the dollar and the power of
the whip, ought to learn the difference on his own hide-- as, I think, he will.
"Until and unless you discover that money is the root of all good, you ask for your own
destruction. When money ceases to be the tool by which men deal with one another, then
men become the tools of men. Blood, whips and guns--or dollars. Take your choice--
there is no other--and your time is running out."
Friday, December 07, 2018
AQUARIUS – Does It in the Water (January 20 to February 18)
Trustworthy. Attractive. Great kisser. One of a kind. Loves being in long-term relationships. Tries hard. Will take on any project. Proud of themselves in whatever they do. Messy and unorganized. Procrastinators. Great lovers, when they’re not sleeping. Extreme thinkers. Loves their pets usually more than their family. Can be VERY irritating to others when they try to explain or tell a story. Unpredictable. Will exceed your expectations. Not a fighter, but will knock your lights out. 2 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
PISCES – The Partner for Life (February 19 to March 20)
Caring and kind. Smart. Likes to be the center of attention. Very organized. High appeal to opposite sex. Likes to have the last word. Good to find, but hard to keep. Passionate, wonderful lovers. Fun to be around. Too trusting at times and gets hurt easily. VERY caring. They always try to do the right thing and sometimes get the short end of the stick. They sometimes get used by others and get hurt because of their trusting. Extremely weird but in a good way. Good sense of humor!! Thoughtful. Loves to joke. Very popular. Silly, fun and sweet. Good friend to others but needs to be choosy on who they allow their friends to be. 5 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
ARIES – The Aggressive (March 21 to April 19)
Outgoing. Lovable. Spontaneous. Not one to mess with. Funny… Excellent kisser. EXTREMELY adorable. Loves relationships, and family is very important to an Aries. Aries are known for being generous and giving. Addictive. Loud. Always has the need to be ‘Right’. Aries will argue to prove their point for hours and hours. Aries are some of the most wonderful people in the world. 16 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
TAURUS – The Tramp (April 20 to May 20)
Aggressive. Loves being in long relationships. Likes to give a good fight. Fight for what they want. Can be annoying at times, but for the love of attention. Extremely outgoing. Loves to help people in times of need. Good kisser. Good personality. Stubborn. A caring person. They can be self-centered and if they want something they will do anything to get it. They love to sleep and can be lazy. One of a kind. Not one to mess with. Are the most attractive people on earth! 15 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
GEMINI – The Twin (May 21 to June 20)
Nice. Love is one of a kind. Great listeners. Very good at confusing people. Lover not a fighter, but will still knock you out. Geminis will not take any crap from anyone. Geminis like to tell people what they should do and get offended easily. They are great at losing things and are forgetful. Geminis can be very sarcastic and childish at times and are very nosy. Trustworthy. Always happy. VERY Loud. Talkative. Outgoing. VERY FORGIVING. Loves to make out. Has a beautiful smile. Generous. Strong. THE MOST IRRESISTIBLE. 9 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
CANCER – The Beauty (June 21 to July 22)
MOST AMAZING KISSER. Very high appeal. A Cancer’s love is one of a kind… Very romantic. Most caring person you will ever meet in your life. Entirely creative person, most are artists and insane, respectfully speaking. They perfected sex and do it often. Extremely random. An ultimate freak. Extremely funny and is usually the life of the party. Most Cancers will take you under their wing and into their hearts where you will remain forever. Cancers make love with a passion beyond compare. Spontaneous. Not a fighter, but will kick your ass good if it comes down to it. Someone you should hold on to! 12 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
LEO – The Lion (July 23 to August 22)
Great talker. Attractive and passionate. Laid back. Usually happy but when unhappy tend to be grouchy and childish. A Leo’s problem becomes everyone’s problem. Most Leos are very predictable and tend to be monotonous. Knows how to have fun. Is really good at almost anything. Great kisser. Very predictable. Outgoing. Down to earth. Addictive. Attractive. Loud. Loves being in long relationships. Talkative. Not one to mess with. Rare to find. Good when found. 7 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
VIRGO – The One that Waits (August 23 to September 22)
Dominant in relationships. Someone loves them right now. Always wants the last word. Caring. Smart. Loud. Loyal. Easy to talk to. Everything you ever wanted. Easy to please. A pushover. Loves to gamble and take chances. Needs to have the last say in everything. They think they know everything and usually do. Respectful to others but you will quickly lose their respect if you do something untrustworthy towards them and never regain respect. They do not forgive and never forget. The one and only. 7 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
LIBRA – The Lame One (September 23 to October 22)
Nice to everyone they meet. Their love is one of a kind. Silly, funny and sweet. Have own unique appeal. Most caring person you will ever meet! However, not the kind of person you want to mess with… you might end up crying. Libras can cause as much havoc as they can prevent. Faithful friends to the end. Can hold a grudge for years. Libras are someone you want on your side. Usually great at sports and are extreme sports fanatics. Very creative. A hopeless romantic. 9 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
SCORPIO – The Addict (October 23 to November 21)
EXTREMELY adorable. Loves to joke. Very good sense of humor. Will try almost anything once. Loves to be pampered. Energetic. Predictable. GREAT kisser. Always get what they want. Attractive. Loves being in long relationships. Talkative. Loves to party but at times to the extreme. Loves the smell and feel of money and is good at making it but just as good at spending it! Very protective over loved ones. HARD workers. Can be a good friend but if is disrespected by a friend, the friendship will end. Romantic. Caring. 4 years of bad Luck if you do not share this post.
SAGITTARIUS – The Promiscuous One (November 22 to December 21)
Spontaneous. High appeal. Rare to find. Great when found. Loves being in long relationships. So much love to give. A loner most of the time. Loses patience easily and will not take crap. If in a bad mood stay FAR away. Gets offended easily and remembers the offense forever. Loves deeply but at times will not show it, feels it is a sign of weakness. Has many fears but will not show it. VERY private person. Defends loved ones with all their abilities. Can be childish often. Not one to mess with. Very pretty. Very romantic. Nice to everyone they meet. Their Love is one of a kind. Silly, fun and sweet. Have own unique appeal. Most caring person you will ever meet! Amazing in bed!!! Not the kind of person you want to mess with- you might end up crying. 4 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
CAPRICORN – The Passionate Lover (December 22 to January 19)
Love to bust. Nice. Sassy. Intelligent. Sexy. Grouchy at times and annoying to some. Lazy and love to take it easy, but when they find a job or something they like to do they put their all into it. Proud, understanding and sweet. Irresistible. Loves being in long relationships. Great talker. Always gets what he or she wants. Cool. Loves to win against other signs in sports, especially Gemini’s. Likes to cook but would rather go out
To eat at good restaurants. Extremely fun. Loves to joke. Smart. 24 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
Trustworthy. Attractive. Great kisser. One of a kind. Loves being in long-term relationships. Tries hard. Will take on any project. Proud of themselves in whatever they do. Messy and unorganized. Procrastinators. Great lovers, when they’re not sleeping. Extreme thinkers. Loves their pets usually more than their family. Can be VERY irritating to others when they try to explain or tell a story. Unpredictable. Will exceed your expectations. Not a fighter, but will knock your lights out. 2 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
PISCES – The Partner for Life (February 19 to March 20)
Caring and kind. Smart. Likes to be the center of attention. Very organized. High appeal to opposite sex. Likes to have the last word. Good to find, but hard to keep. Passionate, wonderful lovers. Fun to be around. Too trusting at times and gets hurt easily. VERY caring. They always try to do the right thing and sometimes get the short end of the stick. They sometimes get used by others and get hurt because of their trusting. Extremely weird but in a good way. Good sense of humor!! Thoughtful. Loves to joke. Very popular. Silly, fun and sweet. Good friend to others but needs to be choosy on who they allow their friends to be. 5 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
ARIES – The Aggressive (March 21 to April 19)
Outgoing. Lovable. Spontaneous. Not one to mess with. Funny… Excellent kisser. EXTREMELY adorable. Loves relationships, and family is very important to an Aries. Aries are known for being generous and giving. Addictive. Loud. Always has the need to be ‘Right’. Aries will argue to prove their point for hours and hours. Aries are some of the most wonderful people in the world. 16 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
TAURUS – The Tramp (April 20 to May 20)
Aggressive. Loves being in long relationships. Likes to give a good fight. Fight for what they want. Can be annoying at times, but for the love of attention. Extremely outgoing. Loves to help people in times of need. Good kisser. Good personality. Stubborn. A caring person. They can be self-centered and if they want something they will do anything to get it. They love to sleep and can be lazy. One of a kind. Not one to mess with. Are the most attractive people on earth! 15 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
GEMINI – The Twin (May 21 to June 20)
Nice. Love is one of a kind. Great listeners. Very good at confusing people. Lover not a fighter, but will still knock you out. Geminis will not take any crap from anyone. Geminis like to tell people what they should do and get offended easily. They are great at losing things and are forgetful. Geminis can be very sarcastic and childish at times and are very nosy. Trustworthy. Always happy. VERY Loud. Talkative. Outgoing. VERY FORGIVING. Loves to make out. Has a beautiful smile. Generous. Strong. THE MOST IRRESISTIBLE. 9 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
CANCER – The Beauty (June 21 to July 22)
MOST AMAZING KISSER. Very high appeal. A Cancer’s love is one of a kind… Very romantic. Most caring person you will ever meet in your life. Entirely creative person, most are artists and insane, respectfully speaking. They perfected sex and do it often. Extremely random. An ultimate freak. Extremely funny and is usually the life of the party. Most Cancers will take you under their wing and into their hearts where you will remain forever. Cancers make love with a passion beyond compare. Spontaneous. Not a fighter, but will kick your ass good if it comes down to it. Someone you should hold on to! 12 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
LEO – The Lion (July 23 to August 22)
Great talker. Attractive and passionate. Laid back. Usually happy but when unhappy tend to be grouchy and childish. A Leo’s problem becomes everyone’s problem. Most Leos are very predictable and tend to be monotonous. Knows how to have fun. Is really good at almost anything. Great kisser. Very predictable. Outgoing. Down to earth. Addictive. Attractive. Loud. Loves being in long relationships. Talkative. Not one to mess with. Rare to find. Good when found. 7 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
VIRGO – The One that Waits (August 23 to September 22)
Dominant in relationships. Someone loves them right now. Always wants the last word. Caring. Smart. Loud. Loyal. Easy to talk to. Everything you ever wanted. Easy to please. A pushover. Loves to gamble and take chances. Needs to have the last say in everything. They think they know everything and usually do. Respectful to others but you will quickly lose their respect if you do something untrustworthy towards them and never regain respect. They do not forgive and never forget. The one and only. 7 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
LIBRA – The Lame One (September 23 to October 22)
Nice to everyone they meet. Their love is one of a kind. Silly, funny and sweet. Have own unique appeal. Most caring person you will ever meet! However, not the kind of person you want to mess with… you might end up crying. Libras can cause as much havoc as they can prevent. Faithful friends to the end. Can hold a grudge for years. Libras are someone you want on your side. Usually great at sports and are extreme sports fanatics. Very creative. A hopeless romantic. 9 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
SCORPIO – The Addict (October 23 to November 21)
EXTREMELY adorable. Loves to joke. Very good sense of humor. Will try almost anything once. Loves to be pampered. Energetic. Predictable. GREAT kisser. Always get what they want. Attractive. Loves being in long relationships. Talkative. Loves to party but at times to the extreme. Loves the smell and feel of money and is good at making it but just as good at spending it! Very protective over loved ones. HARD workers. Can be a good friend but if is disrespected by a friend, the friendship will end. Romantic. Caring. 4 years of bad Luck if you do not share this post.
SAGITTARIUS – The Promiscuous One (November 22 to December 21)
Spontaneous. High appeal. Rare to find. Great when found. Loves being in long relationships. So much love to give. A loner most of the time. Loses patience easily and will not take crap. If in a bad mood stay FAR away. Gets offended easily and remembers the offense forever. Loves deeply but at times will not show it, feels it is a sign of weakness. Has many fears but will not show it. VERY private person. Defends loved ones with all their abilities. Can be childish often. Not one to mess with. Very pretty. Very romantic. Nice to everyone they meet. Their Love is one of a kind. Silly, fun and sweet. Have own unique appeal. Most caring person you will ever meet! Amazing in bed!!! Not the kind of person you want to mess with- you might end up crying. 4 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
CAPRICORN – The Passionate Lover (December 22 to January 19)
Love to bust. Nice. Sassy. Intelligent. Sexy. Grouchy at times and annoying to some. Lazy and love to take it easy, but when they find a job or something they like to do they put their all into it. Proud, understanding and sweet. Irresistible. Loves being in long relationships. Great talker. Always gets what he or she wants. Cool. Loves to win against other signs in sports, especially Gemini’s. Likes to cook but would rather go out
To eat at good restaurants. Extremely fun. Loves to joke. Smart. 24 years of bad luck if you do not share this post.
Thursday, November 22, 2018
Saturday, November 17, 2018
Friday, November 16, 2018
Sunday, November 11, 2018
Saturday, November 10, 2018
Only love could bring us
Bring us to this bitter plane
Only one of us
Who's gonna walk away
Here in the deep below
That only darkness really knows
I'm hoping for a humble seed to grow
No, I won't surrender to this hard hearted night
Though I know the sun's gonna bring the palest of light
And all that remains is everything has gone
This life is mine so I'll carry on
I'm just trying to hold on
I'm falling in the dark below
I feel I'm falling in the big unknown
Here in the deep below
I will rise
I will rise again
A humble seed will grow
I have to go back
To pull me from the wreck
I know it's not over yet
There's no fire and no flame
On this cold, cold plane
No way to measure my pain
I'm just trying to hold on
I'm falling in the dark below
I feel I'm falling in the big unknown
I will rise
I will rise
I will rise again
A humble seed will grow
Thursday, November 08, 2018
Sunday, November 04, 2018
Thursday, November 01, 2018
Sunday, October 28, 2018
Thursday, October 25, 2018
1. Are the dinosaurs real or just plastic models? I read somewhere that they went extinct several years ago but, if you've found some "live" ones somewhere, I'd be anxious and thrilled to see 'em. And, those humans that ride them, how much training was needed to "break the Dino's in"?
2. How did Noah gather up all those animals? Did he send folks to Australia to retrieve the Kangaroos and to the South Pole to catch the Penguins? And who hopped with them back to Aussie land after the flood? I hope you kept the Penguins cool. I hear penguins can't sweat.
3. Do the ark exhibits show how the animals were fed and how the poop was disposed of? I hear one elephant can produce about 100 pounds a day. But for 40 days? Wow, that's a load a crap. Weren't Noah and his sons shoveling a lot?
4. Did Noah's sons procreate during the flood or after? I know that's a real personal issue. But seeing as they had to repopulate the entire earth with just THEIR offspring, I'd think they would have probably started building a family right away. But you probably know for sure. And how did Noah's kids deal with the incest problem? I mean, brothers and sisters? Come on, now! That’s kinda weird.
5. Where did all that water come from to cover the entire earth? Did some glaciers melt? And where did it all go after it quit raining? Was there a big sink hole somewhere? Maybe all the whales in the ocean drank it up. Good question, huh? But wait, they'd just pee it back into the ocean, wouldn't they?
6. How did you keep animals like tigers from eating animals like little lambs? Did you offer them canned meat instead? Did you reprogram their little brains?
7. Was there an exercise room on the ark to keep the animals fit and in good spirits? I know whenever I take a long airplane trip, say 6 hours or more, I really get bored and my legs go to sleep.
8. Since Noah was in his early 800's when he started building the ark, didn't he get tired and have to take a lot of breaks often? I remember, ( god rest his soul) my grandfather could only chop wood for 30 minutes at a time before having to sit down. And he was only 104.He was always out of breath. Whew!!
9. When those doves were sent out to check for dry land, how did they find their way back? Are you sure they weren't really homing pigeons? Can we see them, too?
10. Didn’t Noah and the Mrs. get on each other's nerves cooped up like that for 40 days and nights? Maybe their sons intervened in those fights...when they weren't busy procreating, that is...wink wink.
11. Can we hear God’s booming voice, when the rainbow appears and he promises “NO MORE FLOODS...TSUNAMIS? OY VEY, WE’LL SEE”.
12. Finally, do you offer any sort of guarantee for fortifying ones's fundamentalist beliefs? I'd hate to come back home with these same ole nagging questions.
2. How did Noah gather up all those animals? Did he send folks to Australia to retrieve the Kangaroos and to the South Pole to catch the Penguins? And who hopped with them back to Aussie land after the flood? I hope you kept the Penguins cool. I hear penguins can't sweat.
3. Do the ark exhibits show how the animals were fed and how the poop was disposed of? I hear one elephant can produce about 100 pounds a day. But for 40 days? Wow, that's a load a crap. Weren't Noah and his sons shoveling a lot?
4. Did Noah's sons procreate during the flood or after? I know that's a real personal issue. But seeing as they had to repopulate the entire earth with just THEIR offspring, I'd think they would have probably started building a family right away. But you probably know for sure. And how did Noah's kids deal with the incest problem? I mean, brothers and sisters? Come on, now! That’s kinda weird.
5. Where did all that water come from to cover the entire earth? Did some glaciers melt? And where did it all go after it quit raining? Was there a big sink hole somewhere? Maybe all the whales in the ocean drank it up. Good question, huh? But wait, they'd just pee it back into the ocean, wouldn't they?
6. How did you keep animals like tigers from eating animals like little lambs? Did you offer them canned meat instead? Did you reprogram their little brains?
7. Was there an exercise room on the ark to keep the animals fit and in good spirits? I know whenever I take a long airplane trip, say 6 hours or more, I really get bored and my legs go to sleep.
8. Since Noah was in his early 800's when he started building the ark, didn't he get tired and have to take a lot of breaks often? I remember, ( god rest his soul) my grandfather could only chop wood for 30 minutes at a time before having to sit down. And he was only 104.He was always out of breath. Whew!!
9. When those doves were sent out to check for dry land, how did they find their way back? Are you sure they weren't really homing pigeons? Can we see them, too?
10. Didn’t Noah and the Mrs. get on each other's nerves cooped up like that for 40 days and nights? Maybe their sons intervened in those fights...when they weren't busy procreating, that is...wink wink.
11. Can we hear God’s booming voice, when the rainbow appears and he promises “NO MORE FLOODS...TSUNAMIS? OY VEY, WE’LL SEE”.
12. Finally, do you offer any sort of guarantee for fortifying ones's fundamentalist beliefs? I'd hate to come back home with these same ole nagging questions.
Friday, October 12, 2018
Sunday, October 07, 2018
If you’re on the east coast however, a Massapequa, Long Island establishment using the same name and logos has been open since 1961 and is still serving up delicious burgers to this day.
However, the parent company of Bennigans has purchased the Steak and Ale name, and appears poised to bring it back according to their their website, which states, “Once revered for its succulent Prime Rib, warm bread and bountiful salad bar, Steak and Ale is poised for an epic comeback. Redefined as a 21st Century polished-casual concept, while retaining the signature elements that made it an American classic, the new Steak and Ale will once again set the standard for affordable steakhouses. Guided and supported by an expert operations and management team, qualified franchisees have the opportunity to generate immediate consumer loyalty by bringing back a beloved restaurant blessed with decades of goodwill and brand equity. The new Steak and Ale, offering a polished casual experience at a casual dining price point, is positioned for phenomenal growth.”
Marchetti sold the chain to Marriott in the early 1980s, and the hotel chain quickly turned all the Gino’s into Roy Rogers. In 2010, he returned to the restaurant business, opening up a new Gino’s location.
Have to respect that, right?
There were as many as 225 locations by the mid 80s, with the final one — in Carson City, Nevada — closing its doors in 1995.
In 2015, entrepreneur Christian Ziebarth revived the restaurant. There are currently two locations in California.
In the spirit of old-school slogans, the restaurant’s motto was, “I’d Ruther Go to Druther’s Restaurant.”
Though the chain is long defunct, one Druther’s remains in Campbellsville, Kentucky.
Henry’s was a major player in the 50s, 60s, and 70s: By the early 60s there were over 200 of them—more than McDonald’s had at the time.
Failure to adapt to the industry’s changes, competition from other fast-food burger chains, and a controversy involving the use of horse meat are all cited as potential factors of the chain’s rapid downfall.
Only one Henry’s, in Benton Harbor, Michigan, remains.
The first restaurant opened in 1965, and success came quickly after that: By 1973 there were 62 of them.
In 1984, Taco Bell bought 99 Pup ‘N’ Taco restaurants in California, but not three stores in Albuquerque, two of which went by the name “Pop ‘N’ Taco” (pictured). Those stores finally closed in the 2010s.
Founded in 1978, there were more than 100 locations by 1985.
Success was fleeting, though. The company ceased franchising in 1986 and filed for bankruptcy, and a year later it sold 90 percent of its restaurants to Hardee’s.
With help from his family, Wetanson opened the first Wetson’s in the Levittown neighborhood of Long Island in 1959. Initially, the chain and its 15 cent hamburgers were a massive success.
However, the chain fell on hard times when McDonald’s and Burger King aggressively expanded into the New York market in the 1970s. By the end of the decade, Wetson’s was but a memory.
Originally Jax Roast Biff, and later Rix Roast Beef, Rax saw its largest period of success in the 1980s, when the introduction of salad bars and other food stations briefly made Rax one of the country’s more successful chains.
Mismanagement and other issues hurt the business in the early 1990s, and as of 2017 there are only a handful of Rax locations still in operation.
By the mid-1960s, Kentucky Fried Chicken founder Harlan Sanders had sold his interest in the franchise (though he maintained his spokesperson role).
Sanders and his wife then reopened a new, sit-down restaurant that served his chicken called Claudia Sanders, The Colonel’s Lady.
The couple considered expanding the restaurant into several locations; however, they were hit with a lawsuit by the owners of KFC.
Eventually, a settlement was reached that allowed the Sanders’ to continue selling the chicken at one location in Shelbyville, Kentucky, which is still in operation today.
However, corporate ownership withdrew support from the chain in the 1980s, beginning a slow death spiral for Red Barn. As of 2017, there’s still one still operating in Racine, Wisconsin.
They offered similar menus to the golden arches, but there were key differences in their business structure, including operators of the restaurants owning their stores and not leasing from the corporation, and not being required to buy supplies from the corporation.
Sandy’s was a regional success for a period; however, by the early 1970s, financial issues forced them to sell to Hardee’s.
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